Inflammation that often occurs to the outer layer of skin is called eczema. An outside irritant often causes the immune system to have a reaction and cause the problem, but the actual cause is unknown. A broad range of issues are actually covered under the use of the term that includes symptoms of skin that is dry, inflamed, red, itchy and irritated. There are several different forms that are likely to present. One term known as dermatitis is used in place of eczema when the condition is acute in nature.